Azadi Briefing

Welcome to The Azadi Briefing, an RFE/RL newsletter that unpacks the key issues in Afghanistan. To subscribe, click here.

I'm Abubakar Siddique, a senior correspondent at RFE/RL's Radio Azadi. Here's what I've been tracking and what I'm keeping an eye on in the days ahead.

The Key Issue

The Taliban said it has installed around 62,000 security cameras in the Afghan capital, Kabul, a city of some 5 million people.

The Taliban’s Interior Ministry said on August 30 that it planned to expand the surveillance network to the rest of the country in the next four years.

The ministry did not reveal how it obtained the cameras or if it has received assistance in installing and operating them.

Bloomberg reported that the Taliban is working with Chinese tech giant Huawei Technologies to set up the security camera system. Representatives of Huawei and the Taliban met earlier this month in Kabul, Bloomberg reported. Huawei has denied that it is involved.

Why It's Important: The Taliban has said the surveillance system will help it improve security and combat crime.

Crime is rampant as the country grapples with an economic crisis. The Islamic State-Khorasan (IS-K) extremist group has also carried out sporadic attacks against the Taliban and religious minorities.

But observers fear the Taliban will also use its network of security cameras to stifle dissent and enforce its repressive policies, including restrictions on Afghans’ appearances, freedom of movement, right to work or study, and access to entertainment and uncensored information.

“Implementing such a vast architecture of mass surveillance under the guise of ‘national security’ sets a template for the Taliban to continue its draconian policies that violate fundamental rights of people in Afghanistan -- especially women in public spaces,” said Matt Mahmoudi, Amnesty International’s Researcher and Advisor on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights.

What's Next: The Taliban’s move is likely to further anger Afghans, who have seen many of their basic rights eroded since the militant takeover in 2021.

The Taliban’s creation of a vast surveillance system suggests it will rely on heavy policing and repression to maintain its grip in Afghanistan.

The Week's Best Stories

'Illogical And Inhumane': Taliban's Ban On Women Entering National Park Sparks Widespread Anger

The Taliban has banned women from visiting one of Afghanistan's most popular national parks, in the latest attempt to shut out women from public life. The ban has prompted widespread anger, with one Afghan woman telling RFE/RL's Radio Azadi that it was "illogical and inhumane."

Detention, Torture, Murder: Life Under The Taliban For LGBT People

LGBT activists say the return of the Taliban to power in Afghanistan has resulted in discrimination, torture, and even murder. One gay man told RFE/RL that he had to quit school to protect his identity while another said he and his boyfriend were tortured by the Taliban and had to vow to renounce same-sex relationships.

What To Keep An Eye On

The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) stopped funding 25 hospitals in Afghanistan on August 31.

Due to a lack of resources, the ICRC said it was handing over responsibility for the facilities -- which provided services to around 9 million Afghans -- to the Taliban’s Public Health Ministry.

Since the Taliban takeover, the ICRC has supported 33 hospitals across Afghanistan. In April, it handed over eight hospitals to the Taliban.

Why It's Important: When the Taliban seized power, international donors cut off assistance to Afghanistan.

But aid groups funded by Western donors continued their operations in the fields of health, education, and food assistance. Their operations, however, have been hindered by dwindling donor funding as well as the Taliban’s alleged interference in foreign aid and the militants’ ban on Afghan women working for NGOs.

Declining international funding is likely to aggravate the humanitarian crisis in Afghanistan, where millions are on the brink of starvation.

The cash-strapped Taliban government, which is unrecognized and under international sanctions, appears unable to fill the void.

“The backbone of the health sector will depend on an Afghan treasury still hobbled by sanctions, asset freezes, and the cut-off of development aid,” tweeted Graeme Smith, a senior consultant for the International Crisis Group.

That's all from me for now. Don't forget to send me any questions, comments, or tips that you have.

Until next time,

Abubakar Siddique

If you enjoyed this briefing and don't want to miss the next edition, subscribe here. It will be sent to your inbox every Friday.

Welcome back to The Azadi Briefing, an RFE/RL newsletter that unpacks the key issues in Afghanistan. To subscribe, click here.

I'm Mustafa Sarwar, a senior news editor at RFE/RL's Radio Azadi. Here's what I've been tracking and what I'm keeping an eye on in the days ahead.

The Key Issue

Hora Sadat, a prominent female Afghan YouTuber, mysteriously died in Kabul on August 21. Reports suggested the 25-year-old was poisoned after attending a public event.

The Taliban on August 24 said that two people -- a man and a woman -- had been arrested in connection with Sadat’s death.

The motive for her alleged poisoning is not clear. Sadat’s death has prompted anger on social media, with some activists pointing the finger at the Taliban. But others have speculated that personal enmity could have been the cause of her death. She is believed to have recently split from her fiance.

When contacted by RFE/RL’s Radio Azadi, Sadat’s brother refused to comment on the details of her death.

Why It's Important: Sadat’s death has underscored the dangers faced by women under the Taliban.

Since seizing power in 2021, the Taliban has banned women from education and most forms of employment, effectively denied them any public role in society, and imposed strict limitations on their mobility and appearance.

Sadat, who had tens of thousands of subscribers on YouTube, produced videos on social issues for a mainly young audience. She also participated in public events organized by women in Kabul, although she was not known for publicly criticizing the Taliban.

Maryam Maarouf Arwin, an Afghan women’s rights activist, told Radio Azadi that she suspected Sadat had been targeted and killed. “In the past, we have witnessed the murder of active women many times," she said.

There is no evidence that the Taliban was involved in Sadat’s death.

What's Next: The militant group has previously detained or arrested women who have played a visible role in society, a trend that is likely to continue.

On August 20, the Taliban detained eight female members of the Afghan Unity and Solidarity Movement, which has publicly opposed the militant group’s draconian policies. The women were reportedly released after vowing to stop their protests.

In January, Mursal Nabidzadah, a former female lawmaker, was shot dead along with a bodyguard when unidentified gunmen broke into her house in Kabul. The motives for her killing still remain unclear.

The Week's Best Stories

'Forced To Dress Like a Muslim': Taliban Imposes Restrictions On Afghanistan's Sikh, Hindu Minorities

Members of Afghanistan's tiny Sikh and Hindu communities say the Taliban has imposed restrictions on their appearances and prevented them from marking important religious holidays in public. Many Afghan Sikhs and Hindus have fled the country in recent years following deadly attacks targeting the religious minorities.

'I Feel Suffocated': Taliban Intensifies Clampdown On Music In Afghanistan

The Taliban is intensifying the enforcement of its ban on music. In the western city of Herat, residents say that members of the Taliban's morality police have searched cars and confiscated MP3 players and USBs containing music. Others in the city complain that the militants are also searching homes and seizing musical instruments, which they then burn publicly.

What To Keep An Eye On

The World Health Organization (WHO) warned in a report released on August 24 that 33 hospitals that provide services to around 9 million Afghans are on “the verge of stopping their services.”

The organization also noted an uptick in the cases of acute diarrhea and dengue fever in the country.

The report came after Daniel Endres, the UN humanitarian coordinator in Afghanistan, said on August 17 that 260 fixed and mobile health centers have been closed in the country, depriving some 2 million people access to health services.

Why It's Important: Afghanistan has been gripped by a public health-care crisis since the Taliban seized power, which led to Western donors abruptly cutting off assistance.

Aid groups funded by international donors have continued their operations in the fields of health, education, and food assistance. But their activities have been hampered by decreasing funding by donors, the Taliban’s alleged interference in the delivery of foreign aid, and the militants’ ban on women working for NGOs.

Declining funding by international donors is likely to worsen the humanitarian crisis in Afghanistan, the largest in the world.

Mohammad Ali, a resident of Kabul, told Radio Azadi that he is concerned about the possible closure of the 33 hospitals funded by Western donors.

"Afghans are in such a bad situation. They are wondering when they will eat their next bit of bread. What should we do if the hospitals are closed?" he said.

That's all from me for now. Don't forget to send me any questions, comments, or tips that you have.

Until next time,

Mustafa Sarwar

If you enjoyed this briefing and don't want to miss the next edition, subscribe here. It will be sent to your inbox every Friday.